RESUMEN En estudios previos hemos demostrado los efectos adversos del consumo de una dieta rica en aceite termooxidado sobre el crecimiento corporal, el metabolismo de los lípidos, la masa ósea y la competencia biomecánica del fémur. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el efecto de una dieta rica en aceite de girasol termooxidado (AGX) sobre los parámetros morfométricos y biomecánicos de la mandíbula de rata en crecimiento. Materiales y Método: Ratas macho Wistar de 22±1 días de edad (n=21) recibieron durante 8 semanas una de 3 dietas: control (C); dieta comercial, una dieta suplementada con aceite de girasol (AG) y una dieta suplementada con AGX. La consistencia y la viscosidad de las dietas fueron similares. Los parámetros zoométricos y el consumo de dieta se registraron semanalmente. A T=8, los animales se eutanasiaron y se obtuvieron las hemimandíbulas. El crecimiento mandibular se estimó por medidas morfométricas entre puntos anatómicos y las propiedades estructurales por biomecánica. El análisis estadístico se realizó por SPSS v. 20.0. Resultados: Las ratas alimentadas con AGX presentaron menor peso corporal final (p=0.0074), peso mandibular (p=0.0001) y longitud mandibular (p=0.0002). Las propiedades estructurales de la mandíbula, Wf (p=0.001), Wy (p=0.002) y Wy/dy (p=0.003), se vieron afectadas negativamente en ratas alimentadas con AG o AGX, respecto a C; pero la rigidez ósea (Wy/dy) en AGX fue significativamente menor (C:44.4(5.4) > SFO:36.1(2.1) > SFOx: 26.3(3.7) N/mm; p=0.003). El efecto deletéreo del AGX sobre el crecimiento mandibular fue más acentuado en la región posterior (C:11.4(0.3)=SFO:11.2(0.2)>SFOx: 10.7(0.2) mm; p=0.0005). La relación anterior/posterior (C=1.25 (0.02); AG= 1.27(0.02) y AGX=1.32(0.03), p=0.001) indica que AGX indujo deformación mandibular. Conclusiones: El efecto adverso del consumo de una dieta rica en AGX durante el crecimiento podría afectar los parámetros morfométricos y la biomecánica ósea en términos de rigidez ósea.

ABSTRACT Previous studies by us demonstrated that the consumption of thermally oxidized oil diet adversely affects body growth, lipid metabolism, bone mass and femur biomechanical competence. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a diet containing fried sunflower oil on the mandible of growing rats. Materials and Method: Male Wistar rats (21±1 day old) (n=21) were assigned at weaning to one of three diets for 8 weeks: a control diet (C), a diet containing sunflower oil (SFO) or a diet containing sunflower oil that had been repeatedly heated (SFOx); both SFO and SFOx were mixed with commercial rat chow at 13% (w/w). The consistency and viscosity of the 3 diets were similar. Zoometrics and food intake were recorded weekly. At wk=8, mandibular growth was assessed by measurements of anatomical points of cleaned bones, and mandible biomechanical competence was assessed to estimate the structural properties of the bone. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS v. 20.0. Results: Rats fed SFOx diet attained the lowest final body weight (P=0.0074), mandibular weight (P=0.0001) and mandibular \length (P=0.0002). Load bearing capacity (Wf;N), load of yielding (Wy;N) and stiffness (Wy/dy;N/mm) of the mandible were negatively affected by both sunflower oil diets (fresh and fried) (P=0.001; P=0.002; P=0.003, respectively) though SFOx induced the most significant reduction in Wy/dy (C:44.4(5.4) > SFO:36.1(2.1) > SFOx: 26.3(3.7) N/ mm; P=0.003). The deleterious effect of SFOx on mandibular growth was more accentuated on the posterior part of the bone (C:11.4(0.3)=SFO:11.2(0.2)>SFOx: 10.7(0.2) mm; p=0.0005); the anterior/ posterior ratio (C:1.25(0.02)=SFO:1.27(0.02)<SFOx:1.32(0.03); p=0.0001) indicated that SFOx induced mandibular deformation. Conclusion: Consumption of SFOx diet during growth could affect mandibular morphometric properties and biomechanical competence, in terms of bone stiffness.

ABSTRACT Severe periodontal disease (SPD) associated with systemic peripheral inflammation, cognitive impairment (CI) and arterial stiffness (AS) has been recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CI and arterial stiffness (AS) occur in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with SPD. A crosssectional case-control study included hospitalized patients with CVD. Demographic characteristics, CVD and atherogenic risk factors were recorded. SPD was diagnosed by clinical and radiographic dental examinations. Dental clinical attachment level (CAL) and CAL % were recorded. A Mini-Mental State Examination test (MMSE) assessed cognition, a MMSE score of < 27 was set as the cut-off point of CI; a score > 27 was considered as no CI. Patients were categorized into: MMSE<27 (cases) and MMSE>27 (controls). AS was evaluated by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Serum VCAM-1 levels were determined in a random sample. Results: This study comprised 91 patients (cases, n=26; 29.6%; controls, n=65, 71.4%); aged 73±8 vs. 73±7 years, respectively (p=0.73), of whom 53.8% and 36.9% respectively, were women; SPD was found to be a risk factor for CI; the presence of SPD increased the risk for MMSE <27 by an average 5.39 times (model 1). PWV was associated with MMSE < 27 in the three models. The risk of having MMSE < 27 increased an average of2.404-fold for each 1-unit increase in PWV SPD and AS had significant and independent associations on the risk for development CI. MMSE negatively correlated with CAL% (r=0.69) and PWV (r=0.70). PWV positively correlated with CAL% (r=0.67). Serum VCAM-1 levels were higher in SPD with lower MMSE scores. In conclusion, SPD increases the risk of development of cognitive decline in CVD patients. PWV was directly associated with the risk of cognitive decline. These findings denote a significant opportunity to improve periodontal health in order to avert CI in CVD patients.

RESUMEN La enfermedad periodontal severa (EPS) podría estar asociada a la rigidez arterial (RA) y al deterioro cognitivo (DC). Se realizó un estudio transversal de casos y controles y se investigó la presencia de RA y DC en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y EPS. En pacientes hospitalizados con ECVse registraron las características demográficas y factores de riesgo aterogénicos. El DC se diagnosticó a través del Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Punto de corte: MMSE<27 (casos); puntaje >27 ausencia de DC (controles). La EPS fue diagnosticada clínica y radiográficamente. Se registraron el nivel inserción clínica (NIC) y NIC %. La RA fue evaluada a través de la velocidad de onda de pulso (VOP). VCAM-1 sérico se determinó en una muestra aleatoria. Se incluyeron 91 pacientes (casos,n=26; 29.6%; controles,n=65, 71.4%); edad promedio: 73±8 vs. 73±7 años, respectivamente (p=0.73); % de mujeres: 53.8 vs. 36.9, respectivamente y EPS (n=54) y ausencia de EP (noEP) en 37. MMSE< 27 en 26 pacientes; 23 de ellos, con EPS. La presencia de EPS aumentó el riesgo de MMSE< 27 en 5.39 veces (modelo 1). La VOP se asoció a MMSE< 27 (Modelo 1, 2 y 3). El riesgo de MMSE< 27 incrementó en promedio en 2.40 veces por cada aumento de unidad de VOP. EPS y RA mostraron asociaciones significativas e independientes sobre el riesgo de DC. MMSE se correlacionó negativamente con NIC % (r=0.69) y POV (r=0.70); y POV, positivamente con NIC % (r=0.67). Los niveles séricos de VCAM-1 fueron más elevados en presencia de EPS y puntajes bajos de MMSE. Puede concluirse que en pacientes con ECV y EPS, el aumento en RA incrementaría el riesgo de DC. Estos hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de promover y mantener la salud bucal para evitar el DC en pacientes con ECV.

There is evidence that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with increasing production of reactive oxygen species and tissue injury. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of oxidative stress indices in saliva 24 and 48h after AMI. Materials and methods: We designed a prospective study comparing salivary levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with AMI with elevation of the ST segment in electrocardiogram versus clinically healthy subjects. Oxidative stress indices including the rate of oxidation of 2'7' dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) were evaluated in saliva from patients with AMI at 24 and 48 hours. At each sampling time, blood was drawn for serum markers of myocardial infarction. Results: This study included ten patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and ten clinically healthy controls. Mean age was 67.8 �} 11.1 vs. 48.7 �} 4.1 years (p<0.001) and gender was 60% male vs. 50% (p>0.05) for AMI vs. controls, respectively. Our results demonstrated an increase in the rate of oxidation of DCFH-DA in the myocardial infarction group as compared with controls (p=0.004), which remained unchanged at 48h. There was no difference in salivary catalase activity between controls and AMI subjects at 24h or at 48h post-diagnosis (p=0.157). The relationship between CAT48 and DCFH-DA48 was fairly significant (r=0.39; p=0.053). Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that biomarkers of oxidative stress are detectable in saliva of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Relevance: Future studies using a larger population are needed to confirm these observations and to explore the possibility of using the saliva to monitor evolving diagnosis and prognosis in acute coronary syndrome.

Existe evidencia que permite establecer una asociacion entre la generacion de especies reactivas del oxigeno y el dano tisular en el sindrome coronario agudo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar en saliva de pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), la presencia de reactantes de estres oxidativo a las 24 y 48 horas. Materiales y metodos: se efectuo un estudio prospectivo de comparacion entre pacientes con IAM con supradesnivel del segmento ST en el electrocardiograma y sujetos sin patologia clinica evidente. La produccion de especies reactivas de oxigeno fue evaluada mediante la tasa de oxidacion de la 2'7' diacetato de diclorohidrofluoreceina (DCFH-DA) y la actividad antioxidante de la enzima catalasa (CAT) en saliva de pacientes con IAM a las 24 y 48 h de producido el sindrome coronario agudo. Simultaneamente, se determinaron en suero los biomarcadores diagnosticos de IAM. Resultados: se incorporaron 10 pacientes con IAM con supradesnivel del ST que fueron comparados con 10 sujetos del grupo control. La edad promedio fue 67.8 �} 11.1 vs 48.7 �} 4.1 anos, respectivamente (p<0.001); el 60% vs 50% fueron hombres sin diferencias entre ambos grupos (p>0.05). La media de la velocidad de oxidacion de la DCFH-DA fue mayor a las 24 h en los pacientes con IAM (p=0.004). Estas diferencias se mantuvieron a las 48 h del infarto sin cambios significativos. No se encontraron diferencias en las medias de actividad de la enzima catalasa entre IAM y control (p>0.05). Se encontro una relacion entre CAT48 y DCFH-DA48 (r=0.39; p=0.053). Conclusiones: En esta poblacion se han detectado reactantes de estres oxidativo en saliva de pacientes con IAM. Relevancia clinica: nuevos estudios con mayor numero de casos seran necesarios para confirmar estas observaciones y evaluar la utilidad de la saliva en el diagnostico, evolucion y pronostico del sindrome coronario agudo.

OBJETIVO: descrever as características da produção científica internacional sobre gagueira publicada em periódicos no período entre 2005 e 2010. MÉTODOS: pesquisa documental em que se analisaram artigos online, considerando-se: 1) distribuição da frequência por período; 2) temática; 3) vertente epistemológica; 4) procedimento metodológico; 5) faixa etária. RESULTADOS: foram analisados 339 artigos, distribuídos em 76 revistas, estando a maioria no Journal of Fluency Disorders (94;27,73%). As temáticas mais frequentes foram: Características da Gagueira (150;44,25%) e Tratamento da Gagueira (106;31,27%). O método de pesquisa mais utilizado foi Levantamento (157;46,31%). A maioria das pesquisas pertenceu à vertente Positivista (324;95,57%). A faixa etária mais estudada foi Adultos (174;45,31%). CONCLUSÃO: a produção internacional sobre gagueira apresenta crescimento discreto. Prepondera o paradigma Positivista. Dois fatos chamam atenção nos estudos positivistas: a emergência de pesquisas que quantificam aspectos qualitativos para olhar a gagueira como fenômeno multifatorial; os mesmos aspectos sendo tratados ora como característica, ora como causa da gagueira. Conjuntamente, esses fatos apontam para a complexidade do tema e para o desafio que a compreensão da gagueira tem representado aos pesquisadores, o que pode indicar a necessidade de se buscar novos caminhos epistemológicos para decifrá-la. Faltam pesquisas sobre prevenção e promoção de saúde; delineamentos de Estudo de Caso Clínico, e estudos sobre adolescentes.

PURPOSE: to describe the international scientific literature on stuttering published between 2005 and 2010. METHOD: selection and analysis of online, peer reviewed publications. The organized data highlighted the following characteristics: 1) number of publications per period; 2) addressed themes; 3) epistemological affiliation of contributors; 4) methodological procedures, and 5) age group of the subjects studied. RESULTS: 339 articles found in 76 journals were analyzed. The Journal of Fluency Disorders was the most frequent contributor (94;27.73%). Two themes stood out: Characteristics of Stuttering, with 150(44.25%) articles, and Treatment of Stuttering, with 106(31.27%) articles. The research method most used was Survey (157; 46.31%). The majority of research featured the Positivist (324;95.57%) paradigm. The most studied age group was Adult (174;45.31%). CONCLUSION: there is a discreet growth in studies about stuttering, mostly featuring the positivistic approach. A significant development within the Positivistic studies is the emergence of studies that frame qualitative data in a quantitative mode, supporting the view of stuttering as a multifactorial phenomenon. Many studies have further refined the identification of aspects present in stuttering by distinguishing factors viewed simply as characteristic of stuttering from those viewed as possibly causative. Altogether, these findings endorse stuttering as a complex subject which poses a challenge to scientists, calling for new epistemological approaches in order to unveil these newly identified distinctions. There is need for more research on stuttering for preventive health and wellness promotion, as well as studies using Clinical Case Study as method of investigation, and also studies focused on adolescents.

Purpose. To demónstrate the utility of Multislice Quantitative Computed Tomography (MS-QCT) in the early detection of mandibular bone mineral density (BMD) alterations induced by an atherogenic diet in a growing rat experimental model. Materials and Methods. Male weanling Wistar rats (n =16) were divided by body weight (Wt) into 2 groups: control (C) and experimental (E), with no significant differences in the mean initial Wt (p>0.05). C was fed rodent stock diet ad libitum, and E an atherogenic diet for 3 weeks (3w). Zoometry (body weight and length) and diet intake (g/lOOg rat/day) were monitored. At 3 w in serum (mg/dL) lipid-lipoprotein profile was studied: total cholesterol (t-C), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and MS-QCT (Philips 64 CT, quantified with the eFilm Workstation 2.1) in seven mandibular áreas (MA): n°lto 4: from chin to mandibular foramen, n° 5: coronoid process, n° 6: condylar process, n° 7: angular process. Statistics: Pearson's correlation between BMD in each MA and serum t-C. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results. (mean ± SD) At 3w, neither zoometric ñor intake differences were observed (p>0.05). Correlation coefficients (r) and their significance levéis (p) were relevant in 5/7 MA. MA1-.-0.580 (p=0.019), MA2:-0.709 (p=0.002), MA3:-0.635 (p=0.008), MA5:-0.674 (p=0.004), MA6:-0.564 (p=0.023). Conclusions. These results suggest that MS-QCT is an imaging diagnostic method that allows the early detection of mandible bone architecture alterations induced by an atherogenic diet. Inverse correlation between BMD and t-C would indícate an association between an atherogenic diet intake and potential temporomandibular disorders.

Propósito. Demostrar la utilidad de la tomografía computada cuantitativa multicorte (QCT-MC) en la detección precoz de alteraciones en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) mandibular, inducidas por una dieta aterogénica, en un modelo experimental en ratas en crecimiento. Materiales y Métodos. Ratas Wistar macho (n=16) al destete, loteadas por peso en 2 grupos: Control (C) y experimental (E); peso promedio inicial sin diferencias significativas (p > 0,05); recibieron a libre demanda: C, dieta stock para roedores y E, dieta aterogénica por 3 semanas. Se monitorearon zoometría (peso y longitud corporales) y consumo de dieta (g/100 g rata/día). A las 3 semanas en suero (mg/dL), se evaluó el perfil lipídico-lipoproteico: colesterol total (col-T), triglicéridos (TG), col HDL y noHDL, y la QCT-MC (Philips 64 CT, cuantificado con eFilm Workstation 2.1) de siete zonas mandibulares (ZM): n° 1 a 4, desde forámen mentoniano hacia mandibular; n° 5, proceso coronoide; n° 6, proceso condilar; n° 7, proceso angular. Se realizó análisis estadístico Pearson: correlación entre DMO de cada ZM y valor sérico de col-T (nivel de significación p < 0,05). Resultados. (media ± DE) A las 3 semanas no hubo diferencias zoométricas ni en la ingesta (p > 0,05). Los coeficientes de correlación (r) y respectivos niveles de significación (p) mostraron, en cinco de siete ZM, ser significativos: ZM 1: -0,580 (p = 0,019), ZM 2: -0,709 (p = 0,002), ZM 3: -0,635 (p = 0,008), ZM 5: -0.674 (p = 0,004), ZM 6: -0,564 (p = 0,023). Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que la QCT-MC es un método de diagnóstico por imágenes que permite detectar precozmente alteraciones inducidas por una dieta aterogénica en la arquitectura ósea de la mandíbula. La correlación inversa entre la DMO y el col-T indicaría una asociación entre el consumo de una dieta aterogénica y posibles disfunciones témporo-mandibulares.

OBJETIVO: analisar a produção científica fonoaudiológica nacional no que diz respeito à gagueira, entre os anos de 1980 a 2008, considerando: período da publicação; distribuição de frequência por período; tipos de publicação; temáticas abordadas; vertente epistemológica e área da Fonoaudiologia a que o trabalho pertence. MÉTODOS: seleção e análise de publicações em livros, capítulos de livros e periódicos nacionais de Fonoaudiologia. RESULTADOS: foram encontradas 131 publicações: estando 0,8% na década de 80; 15,2% na de 90; e 84% no período de 2000-2008. Quanto ao tipo formam publicados, 8,4% em livros, 42% de capítulos de livro e 49,6% de periódicos. Quanto às temáticas, foram mais frequentes: "Clínica Fonoaudiológica" (50%); "Reflexões Teóricas" (9,4%); "Características da Fluência" (7,2%); "Gagueira e Audição" (5,8%); "Atitudes em Relação à Gagueira" (5,2%); "Origem da Gagueira" (5,2%) e "Características da Gagueira" (4,4%). Quanto à vertente epistemológica, 74% era positivista, 22,2% dialético histórica e 3,8% fenomenológica. As áreas fonoaudiológicas mais encontradas foram: Motricidade Orofacial (37,4%), Linguagem (34,3%) e Nenhuma das Áreas Fonoaudiológicas (25,2%). CONCLUSÃO: a produção pesquisada teve o crescimento mais expressivo de 2000 a 2008. O fato de a produção encontrar-se principalmente na forma de artigos e capítulos de livros revela interesse tanto em pesquisa como na construção de teoria. A presença das três vertentes epistemológicas indica que o tema gagueira é controverso e complexo, isso é indicado também pelo fato de a produção distribuir-se pelas áreas de Motricidade Orofacial e Linguagem. Há necessidade de desenvolver a produção na área da Saúde Pública.

PURPOSE: to analyze the Brazilian Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences production on stuttering, between the years 1980 and 2008, considering the: publication period; distribution per period; types of publication; themes; epistemological filiations and the area of Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences. METHODS: selection and analysis of books, book chapters, and scientific articles published in national journals of Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences. RESULTS: 131 publications were found: 0.8% published during the 80s; 15.2% during the 90s; and 84% from 2000 to 2008. Regarding the type of publications, 8.4% were books; 42% book chapters, and 49,6% research articles. Regarding the themes, the most frequent ones were: Speech-Language and Hearing Clinic (50%); Theoretical Reflections (9.4%); Fluency Characteristics (7.2%); Stuttering and Hearing (5.8%); Attitudes towards Stuttering (5.2%); Origin of Stuttering (5.2%); and Characteristics of Stuttering (4.4%). Regarding the epistemological feature: 74% were positivist; 22.2% dialectical historical; 3.8% phenomenological. The Speech-Language and Hearing areas most present in the written production were Oral Sensorial Motor System (37.4%), Language (34.3%) and None of the Speech-Language (25.2%). CONCLUSION: the scientific production on stuttering had the most expressive increase during 2000 to 2008. The appearance of the production mainly as scientific articles and book chapters reveals an interest both in research and in theoretical construction. The presence of the three epistemological filiations suggests the controversy and complexity of the stuttering issue, this is also suggested by the fact that the production is predominantly distributed by the Oral Sensorial Motor System and Language areas. It is needed to develop the production in the Public Health area.

Tooth-whitening agents are available for therapeutic use in the dental office or at home. However, whitening more severe stains, such as those caused by systemic ingestion of tetracycline, constitutes a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an experimental model of growing rats, the efficacy of using ozone to lighten tetracycline-stained incisors. At weaning, male Wistar rats (n=40) were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Two control groups, C21 and C60 (n=8, each) were used to document the usual age-related color. The third group (n=24) received 0.25 g% of oxytetracycline (O) until 60 days of age. These rats were subsequently divided into three further groups: O0, O3 and O5 (n=8, each). These rats were anesthetized; O3 and O5 groups received ozone application to the lower incisors for 3 (group O3) or 5 minutes (group O5), respectively; while O0 did not receive the ozone treatment. Teeth were then photographed and the incisors from the control (C60) and treatment groups (O0, O3 and O5) were cut, and compared to a standard color guide (there were eight shades numbered 0 to 7, lightest to darkest) to assess the hue visually. The teeth were then placed in phosphoric acid to quantify the color by spectrophotometry. The data (mean �± SD) were analyzed by One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test or Dunnett test. The visual observation, analyzed blindly by one investigator, showed that O3 and O5 groups had diminished yellowing of the teeth as compared to the untreated O0 group (P<0.001). The color quantified by spectrophotometry also detected significant differences among groups (O3 < O0, P<0.01; O5 < O0,P < 0.001 and O5 < O3, P<0.01). C21 and C60 were significantly different among groups (P<0.001). This is the first experimental study to show that ozone can be successfully used for lightening the yellowish tinge of tetracycline- stained rat incisors. Further studies are required for its potential use in the dental clinic.

Los agentes blanqueadores dentales estan disponibles para tratamientos que se realizan en el consultorio odontologico o en el domicilio. Sin embargo, aclarar manchas severas, como las causadas por la ingestion sistemica de tetraciclina, constituyen un desafio. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en un modelo experimental de ratas en crecimiento, la eficiencia del uso de ozono para aclarar los incisivos oscurecidos por el uso de tetraciclina. Ratas macho Wistar al destete (N=40) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a uno de tres grupos. Dos de ellos grupos controles, C21 y C60 (N=8, cada uno), para documentar el color habitual de los incisivos, correspondiente a la edad del animal. El tercer grupo (N = 24) recibio 0,25 % de oxitetraciclina (O) hasta los 60 dias de edad. Entonces, el grupo O se dividio aleatoriamente en tres grupos O0, O3 y O5 (N = 8, cada uno) y las ratas se anestesiaron. Los grupos O3 y O5 recibieron en los incisivos inferiores la aplicacion de ozono durante 3 y 5 minutos, respectivamente; mientras que O0 no recibio tratamiento. Los incisivos de C60, O0, O3 y O5 fueron fotografiados. Luego se cortaron y se contrastaron con una guia estandar de ocho colores (ordenados de 0 a 7, desde el mas claro a mas oscuro) para cuantificar visualmente el color de los incisivos. Luego, se colocaron en acido fosforico para cuantificar el color por espectrofotometria. Los resultados (media �± SD) se analizaron por medio de ANOVA y prueba de Tukey o Dunnett (α =0.05) para determinar el efecto del tratamiento. El analisis visual de las imagenes mostro que los grupos O3 y O5 disminuyeron el color amarillo intenso respecto a O0. Dicha diferencia de color fue evaluada a traves de la guia (G) y cuantificada mediante espectrofotometria (E). Segun G, la mayor diferencia de color respecto a C60 fue para O0 (P<0.001), disminuyo en O3 (P<0.001) y aun mas en O5 (P<0.01). De acuerdo a E, O3<O0, P<0.01; O5<O0, P< 0,001 y O5<O3, P<0.01. C21 y C60 resultaron significativamente menores por ambos metodos (P<0.01). Este primer estudio experimental evidencia que el tratamiento con ozono puede aclarar los incisivos de rata tratadas con tetraciclina. Se requieren estudios adicionales para su uso en la clinica odontologica.

Objective. To examine the interrelationships of body composition variables derived from simple anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Population, material and methods. A total of 230 healthy preschool children (118 males and 112 females) age 4-6 years, attending a day care center, were examined to determine body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Percentage of body fat content (%BF) was predicted by BIA (Maltron BF- 900) and DXA (Lunar DPX-L, pediatric software). Results. BMI and WC did not show significant differences among sex, while %BF by BIA or DXA did. BIA measures were lower than DXA´s (p <0.0001). Correlation between BIA vs. anthropometric methods and WC vs. DXA were moderate (Pearson r= 0.43 to 0.53), whereas the other correlations were strong (r= 0.71 to 0.83). However Bland Altman comparison showed wide limits of agreement between BIA and DXA; BIA significantly underestimated %BF as determined by DXA (p <0.0001). Conclusion. The methods used to estimate body composition in healthy preschool children highly correlated. However, the Bland Altman procedure suggests that BIA and DXA should not be used interchangeably.

Objetivo. Comparar la composición corporal estimada por dos métodos antropométricos simples y por impedanciometría (BIA, por sus siglas en inglés) y absorciometría de doble haz de rayos X (DXA, por sus siglas en inglés) y estudiar las correlaciones existentes entre ellos, en una población preescolar de Argentina. Población, material y métodos. Se estudió transversalmente una población clínicamente sana, de edad comprendida entre 4 y 6 años, de 230 niños (118 varones y 112 niñas), que concurrían a Jardines Integrales de La Matanza, Argentina. Se determinó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de cintura (Cci) y el contenido de grasa corporal, expresado como porcentaje, por BIA (Maltron BF- 900) y por DXA (densitómetro Lunar DPX-L, software pediátrico). Resultados. En IMC y Cci no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos sexos, pero sí en el porcentaje de grasa corporal por BIA o DXA. La correlación entre BIA y ambos métodos antropométricos fue moderada (r de Pearson= 0,43-0,53), al igual que entre DXA y Cci (r= 0,66), mientras que las demás correlaciones fueron fuertes (r= 0,71-0,83). Las medidas obtenidas por BIA y DXA no concordaron (prueba de Bland Altman); sin embargo, las diferencias se distribuyeron en forma homogénea a lo largo del eje horizontal e independientemente de las medias. BIA reprodujo valores más bajos de porcentaje de grasa corporal que DXA (p <0,0001). Conclusiones. Existe buena correlación entre los métodos antropométricos sencillos y la bioimpedancia y DXA. Sin embargo, los resultados no son intercambiables, incluso entre BIA y DXA.

Bone markers are useful tools to measure bone remodeling; currently they are assessed in serum and urinary samples; however there is little information concerning their measurement in saliva. The present experimental study evaluates the possibility to measure collagen type I carboxiterminal telopeptide (CTX) and bone alkaline phosphatase (b-AP) in saliva, its correlation with serum samples in normal conditions and in the increase of the bone remodeling due to estrogen deficiency. Twenty four normal adult Wistar rats (300±20 g) [12 SHAM and 12 rats after 1 week of bilateral ovariectomy (OVX)] were studied. Fasting serum and total saliva after stimulation with pilocarpine were collected. In both samples were measured: CTX (ng/ml) by ELISA (RatLabs, Osteometer Bio Tech, Denmark) and b-AP (IU/L) (Wiener, colorimetrically). Both CTX and b-AL in serum samples were significantly higher in OVX than in SHAM rats (15.3±4.0 vs. 21.8±6.4, p<0.05 y 71±29 vs. 104±23; p<0.01, respectively). Saliva presented the same behaviour (3.6±0.5 vs. 6.4±2.9; p<0.02 y 73±29 vs. 90±8; p<0.003, respectively). When saliva CTX and b-AP were plotted against serum concentration significant positive correlations were obtained: r=0.58, p<0.05 and r=0.59; p<0.05, respectively. In conclusion, the present results are promisory in the sense of the potential use of a salivary-based test for evaluating bone remodeling. However, the use of this methodology for clinical practice needs extensive additional investigations.

Si bien es conocida la utilidad de marcadores óseos en suero u orina para determinar cambios en el remodelamiento óseo, la misma no ha sido totalmente estudiada en saliva. Este trabajo evalúa la correlación entre dos marcadores del recambio óseo: la fosfatasa alcalina ósea (isoforma ósea, FAO) y el telopéptido C-terminal del colágeno tipo I (CTX), medidos simultáneamente en suero y saliva de ratas Wistar (250 a 300 g), SHAM (n=12) y ovariectomizadas (OVX) (n=12). Luego de una semana de la cirugía se extrajo sangre en ayunas y saliva total estimulada donde se evaluó CTX (ELISA, RatLabs, Osteometer Bio Tech, Dinamarca) y FAO (Wiener, colorimetría). En el suero, tanto CTX (ng/ml) como FAO (UI/l) en ratas OVX fueron significativamente mayores que en ratas SHAM (15.3±4.0 vs. 21.8±6.4, p<0.05 y 71±29 vs. 104±23; p<0.01, respectivamente). En saliva se observó el mismo comportamiento (3.6±0.5 vs. 6.4±2.9; p<0.02 y 73±29 vs.90±8; p<0.003, respectivamente). Las concentraciones de CTX y FAO en saliva se correlacionaron positivamente con los respectivos niveles sanguíneos (r= 0.58, p<0.05 y r= 0.59, p<0.05, respectivamente). Los resultados del presente estudio preliminar y la sencillez en la obtención de la saliva total ofrecerían una alternativa no invasiva al suero para la medición del remodelamiento óseo. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esta metodología a la clínica humana requiere extensas investigaciones adicionales.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto metabólico de dietas desequilibradas, bajas en grasa, suministradas en jardines integrales a niños de edad preescolar. Se estudiaron 82 niños (40 niñas y 42 varones) de 2 a 5 años de edad, con necesidades básicas insatisfechas, que concurrieron a un Jardín Integral de Matanza, Argentina. Transversalmente se midieron el peso (P), la altura (T) y composición corporal (por bioimpedancia) y se estimo el metabolismo energético (ME). Los resultados se expresaron como puntaje Z del P y T para edad (ZPE y ZTE). Se determinó el factor de crecimiento 1 símil insulinico (IGF-1) sérico y la relación Zinc/Hemoglobina (Zn/Hb) en sangre total. El 73,2% de la población estudiada presentó adecuación (A) de peso según ZPE, un 13,4% presentó déficit (D) de peso, y un 13,4% sobrepeso (S). El 8,5% presentó simultáneamente déficit de peso y talla. El grupo S presentó un contenido porcentual de grasa significativamente mayor que los otros grupos, menor contenido de masa magra (p<0,05) y mayor metabolismo energético. Los valores de IGF-1 sérico fueron significativamente menores en los niños de 4 a 5 años con déficit de talla respecto a los que tenían talla adecuada (p<0,01). La relación Zn/Hb no presentó diferencia significativa entre los distintos grupos. El elevado porcentaje de niños con déficit de ZPE y ZTE evidencia el impacto metabólico negativo de dietas desequilibradas consumidas en comedores integrales. Se propone mejorar las dietas, aumentando la eficiencia de los recursos asignados con el propósito de lograr un óptimo crecimiento y desarrollo de los mismos.

Imbalance diets: study in children age 2 to 5 years attending a day-care center in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of low fat diets in children aged 2 to 5. Eighty two children (40 females and 42 males) attending a school cafeteria (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina), in a cross sectional study, were evaluated. Body weight (W), height (H) and body composition (BC) by bioimpedance were recorded. The anthropometric raw data were processed as Z-score of the weight-for-age (WEZ) and of the height-for-age (HAZ). Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and Zinc/haemoglobin ratio (Zn/Hb) were also measured. Results showed that 73,2% of the children were adequate (A) according WEZ, 13,4% were lean (L) and 13,4% overweight (O). 8,5% presented simultaneously impairment in WEZ and HAZ. Body fat percentage and energy metabolism were higher in O than in L and A (p<0,05). Serum IGF-1’s children -aged 4 to 5 years- with HAZ deficit were low than adequate HAZ ones. No statistical differences in Zn/Hb ratio between A, L and O were found. This cross sectional study suggests metabolic disorders in young children attending school cafeterias. These conclusions will allow to design balanced diets in order to optimize the resources, promote optimal growth and development and prevent adult diseases through dietary practices in childhood.